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Geert Wilders ((:ˈɣeːrt ˈʋɪldərs), born 6 September 1963) is a Dutch politician and the founder and leader of the Party for Freedom (Partij voor de Vrijheid – PVV), which is a political party in the Dutch parliament. Wilders is the Parliamentary group leader of his party in the Dutch House of Representatives. In the formation in 2010 of the Rutte cabinet, a minority cabinet of VVD and CDA, he actively participated in the negotiations, resulting in a "support agreement" (''gedoogakkoord'') between the PVV and these parties, but withdrew his support in April 2012, citing disagreements with the cabinet on proposed budget cuts. Wilders is best known for his criticism of Islam.〔 Wilders' views regarding Islam have made him a controversial figure in the Netherlands and abroad, and since 2004 he receives permanent personal protection by armed bodyguards.〔(Wilders kan zich vrijheid nauwelijks herinneren ) NOS 4 May 2015〕 Raised a Roman Catholic, Wilders left the church at his coming of age. His travels to Israel as a young adult, as well as to neighbouring Arab countries, helped form his political views. Wilders worked as a speechwriter for the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie – VVD), and later served as parliamentary assistant to party leader Frits Bolkestein from 1990 to 1998. He was elected to the Utrecht city council in 1996, and later to the House of Representatives. Citing irreconcilable differences over the party's position on the accession of Turkey to the European Union, he left the VVD in 2004 to form his own party, the Party for Freedom. Wilders has campaigned to stop what he views as the "Islamisation of the Netherlands". He has compared the Quran to ''Mein Kampf'' and has campaigned to have the book banned in the Netherlands.〔 He advocates ending immigration from Muslim countries,〔(Surge for Dutch anti-Islam Freedom Party ), ''BBC News'', 10 June 2010.〕 and supports banning the construction of new mosques.〔Robert Marquand. "(Dutch voters boost far-right party of Geert Wilders )", ''The Christian Science Monitor'', 10 June 2010.〕 Wilders was a speaker at the Facing Jihad Conference held in Jerusalem in 2008, which discussed the dangers of jihad, and has called for a hard line against what he called the "street terror" exerted by minorities in Dutch cities. His controversial 2008 film about his views on Islam, ''Fitna'', received international attention. He has been described in the media as populist〔〔〔 and labeled far-right,〔 although this is disputed by other observers.〔〔 (In 2010 a research by the Tilburg Institute for Social Policy Research and Consultancy (IVA) of Tilburg University ) studied the Freedom Party and concluded that a number of radical right views persisted, but that the party did not belong to the traditional "far right" (''extreem-rechts'')], Retrieved 29 May 2012〕〔 Afshin Ellian, a professor of Social Cohesion, Citizenship and Multiculturalism at Leiden University, and known islam-critic, rejected even the "radical right" label for the PVV ()〕 Wilders, who long refused to align himself with European far-right leaders such as Jean-Marie Le Pen and Jörg Haider and expressed concern of being "linked with the wrong rightist fascist groups,", views himself as a right-wing liberal. More recently, however, Wilders worked together with the French National Front's Marine Le Pen in a failed attempt to form a parliamentary group in the European Parliament which would also have included Austria's Freedom Party, Italy's Northern League, and Belgium's Flemish Interest. He will face trial once again in 2016 with the accusation of inciting "discrimination and hatred" against Moroccans living in the Netherlands.〔(Geert Wilders Hate Speech Trial moved to 2016 )〕 == Early life and career == Wilders was born in the city of Venlo, in the southeast Netherlands. He is the youngest of four children, and was raised Catholic. He was born to a Dutch father and a mother born in colonial Indonesia, whose ancestors were Dutch Indonesian. His father worked as a manager for the printing and copying manufacturing company Océ, and had remained hidden from the Germans during the Second World War; an experience so traumatizing that he refused to physically enter Germany even forty years later. Wilders received his secondary education at the Mavo and Havo middle school and high school in Venlo. Reflecting passions that came to the fore later in his career, Wilders took a course in health insurance at the Stichting Opleiding Sociale Verzekeringen in Amsterdam and earned several law certificates at the Dutch Open University. Wilders' goal after he graduated from secondary school was to see the world. Because he did not have enough money to travel to Australia, his preferred destination, he went to Israel instead.〔 For several years he volunteered in a moshav and worked for several firms, becoming in his own words "a true friend of Israel". With the money he saved, he travelled to the neighbouring Arab countries, and was moved by the lack of democracy in the region. When he returned to the Netherlands, he retained Israeli ideas about counter-terrorism and a "special feeling of solidarity" for the country. Living in Utrecht, Wilders initially worked in the health insurance industry. His interest in the subject led him into politics as a speech-writer for the Netherlands' People's Party for Freedom and Democracy.〔 He started his formal political career as a parliamentary assistant to the party leader Frits Bolkestein, specialising in foreign policy. He held this job from 1990 to 1998. During this time Geert Wilders travelled extensively,〔 visiting countries all across the Middle East, including Iran, Syria, Jordan, Egypt and Israel. Bolkestein was the first Dutch politician to address the consequences of mass immigration for Dutch society, including a sharp criticism of Muslim immigrants. He set an example for Wilders not only in his ideas but also in his confrontational speaking style.〔 Political analyst Anno Bunnik later described Wilders as a "sorcerer's apprentice" to Bolkestein.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The rise and fall of Geert Wilders? )〕 === Personal life === On 10 November 2004, two suspected attackers were captured after an hour-long siege of a building in The Hague. They were in possession of three grenades and were accused of planning to murder Wilders as well as a fellow MP, Ayaan Hirsi Ali. The suspects were presumed to be members of what the Dutch intelligence agency, the General Intelligence and Security Service, has termed the Hofstadgroep. Since this incident Wilders has been under constant security protection because of frequent threats to his life. In September 2007, a Dutch woman was sentenced to a one-year prison term for sending more than 100 threatening emails to Wilders. In 2009, a rapper from Rotterdam was sentenced to 80 hours community service and a two-month suspended jail term for threatening Wilders in a rap song. Wilders was listed as the most threatened politician in the Netherlands in 2008. Wilders is said to have been "deprived... of a personal life for his... hatred of Islam".〔 He is constantly accompanied by a permanent security detail of about six plainclothes police officers, and does not receive visitors unless they are cleared in advance, thoroughly searched, and escorted at all times. He lives in a state-provided safe house which is outfitted to be bulletproof, is heavily guarded by police, and has a panic room. He is driven from his home to his offices in parliament in an armored police vehicle, and wears a bulletproof vest.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Geert Wilders: 'Marked for Death: Islam's War against the West and Me' )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=In Netherlands, Anti-Islamic Polemic Comes With a Price )〕 His office is located in the most isolated corner of the Dutch Parliament building, and was chosen because potential terrorists can get to it through only one corridor, making it easier for his bodyguards to repel an attack.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Europe’s veil of fear )〕 He is married to Krisztina Wilders (née Marfai), a former diplomat of Hungarian origin, with whom he can only meet about once every week due to security concerns.〔 The restrictions on his life because of this, he said, are "a situation that I wouldn't wish on my worst enemy".〔 In January 2010, Karen Geurtsen, a Dutch journalist from the magazine ''HP-De Tijd'', revealed a painful breach of security. She spent four months working undercover, posing as an intern, for the PVV party. She claimed that she had had unchecked access to Wilders. "I could have killed him", were the first words of the article that she published about this operation. According to her, she had "dozens" of opportunities to take his life.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Undercover journalist gains easy access to Geert Wilders )〕 In July 2010, after Wilders complained that his security was inadequate, the Special Security Assignments Brigade, a special unit of Dutch military police, made four attempts to smuggle a firearm into the heavily-guarded offices of Wilders' Freedom Party, two of which were successful. Following these breaches, security at the offices was increased.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wilders' security breached )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wilders' security stepped up after officials smuggle in gun – DutchNews.nl )〕 Wilders has acquired nicknames such as "Mozart" and "Captain Peroxide" because of his flamboyant platinum blond hairstyle.〔 Radio Netherlands calls him "the most famous bleach-blond since Marilyn Monroe". Wilders is an agnostic, but he has stated that he thinks Dutch Christians "are my allies" and that they fundamentally should want the same thing.〔 In June 2011, disclosure of Wilder's personal finances indicated that Wilders had founded a self-administered company one year earlier without reporting this via the public records of the House of Representatives, which he, as a parliamentarian, should have done. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Geert Wilders」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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